Article Author: Akmal Umar, Ahmad SyuhudThe research aims were to determine how the levels of impoertance and the level of performance, as well as the attributes of service become a priority in the application of Customers Relationship Management (CRM) of PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. In Indonesiain 2014.This research used a descriptive analysis technique and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The sample in the research was 385 respondents.
Finally, importance‐performance analysis (IPA) was performed according to the groups to determine significant patterns. Findings – Three distinct customer segments are identified based on the benefits sought by spa goers: escapists, neutralists, and hedonists. IPA results showed what each segment perceives as important and how well the.
The results have shown that in the applicating of CRM, such as call center, contact center, web-based services and direct service had level of performance that was lower than the level of impoertance. Toward variable call center and contact center service, there were two service attributes becoming main priority to improve the level of customers satisfaction, while variable of web-based services, there was an attribute that had a high level of importance and level of satisfaction was on average, so it was prioritized to be done, while variable direct service, there were two attributes of service become a priority to improve customers satisfaction.Keywords:,.
Importance-performance analysis (IPA) is a widely accepted method for measuring service quality that is well known of its simplicity and stress-free application. The concept of IPA was introduced in 1977 by Martilla and James 23. Essentially, the idea of IPA comes from the theory of customer satisfaction as a function of the expectation on important attribute and the judgment of attribute performance 23. The underlying assumption in IPA is the relationship between importance attribute and attribute performance toward customer satisfaction is linear and symmetric 24. Thus, IPA focuses on the gap between the customer expectation on the importance and judgment on the performance of specific attribute of service consumed.
The objective is to identify which attributes or its combination gives more impact toward customer satisfaction and leads to the repetitive customer purchase behavior 25. It is useful information to evaluate competitive position and enable prioritization of available strategies to enhance customer satisfaction.In order to operationalize IPA analysis, it is critical to clearly determine the attributes of service delivered to the customer. Based on the predetermined attribute, two dimensions are classified: (1) the importance of each attribute and(2) judgments of its performance.
Therefore, the questions are developed to assess each attribute that surrounds the significance of the attribute and how well the deliverable of attribute is separated into two sections.Then, the questions were asked to the selected sample of customers to get their feedback. Using the feedback gathered from the customers, central tendency of each (mean values) attribute is calculated and rank ordered from high to low categories. The central tendency of each attribute's importance and performance will be paired and used as coordinates for plotting respective attribute in twodimensional grid that has been divided into four quadrants as illustrated in Fig. 12.2.As observed in Fig. 12.2, each quadrant in IPA is divided by the importance of attribute from high to low (in vertical axis) and the performance of attribute from high to low (in horizontal axis). As a result, the disparity between importance and performance can be established. It provides indication that the customer is either satisfied or dissatisfied on the attributes of service consumed 23.
Further analysis of IPA can be accomplished by locating each attribute into appropriate quadrant in order of its relative importance and performance, moving from the top to the bottomFig. 12.2 Four quadrants of importance-performance analysis (IPA) developed by Martilla and James 23. Of the quadrant 25.
The placement of attributes will translate different impact upon the strategic interpretation within each quadrant. Four quadrants of IPA postulate different situation with different potential strategy for each quadrant. Further explanations of each quadrant are as follows:Quadrant I: Keep Up the Good WorkThe attribute placed in this quadrant has high importance and high performance. It indicates that the customers value such attribute as relevant to the service they consumed. Besides, the customers are also satisfied on how the attribute enhances the delivery of services. Therefore, such attribute must be maintained and exploited to achieve its maximum benefits as potential competitive advantage. At this point, it is important to sustain optimum level of resources to suffice its maximum benefits.Quadrant II: Concentrate HereThe attribute located in this quadrant has high importance, but low performance.
It is an indicative of the critical performance shortfalls whereby the importance attribute fails to satisfy the customers. In order to ensure good quality of services delivered to the customers, such attribute should become a priority to be attained first. This situation requires immediate actions and allocation of additional resources. If it is not immediately attained, it may become a major weakness that potentially reduces the level of competitiveness.Quadrant III: Low PriorityThe attribute situated in this quadrant has low importance and low performance. It shows the attribute is underperforming, but it requires no further action since it does nothing to the betterment of the services in the eyes of customers who consumed it. As such, there is no need for any changes in the efforts or resources allocated.
Any extra efforts and resources spent on the attribute will just go in vain as the attribute has minimum impact to the consumed services.Quadrant IV: Possible OverkillThe attribute which falls into this quadrant has low importance but high performance. It demonstrates the attribute was successfully performed but unfortunately deemed irrelevant by the customers. At this point, it is important to redefine the need to allocate more resources toward such attribute.
Perhaps it is more beneficial to curtail the resource allocation and redeploy the efforts to the other attribute that needs immediate action.The acceptance of IPA as the measurement of service quality is corroborated byextensive application of IPA, largely in the tourism sector 26, 27, followed by banking sector 28, education sector 25, 29–31, electric and electronic sector 32, automotive sector 24, and many others. Until these days, IPA still received a lot of attention among the researchers discussing its potential applicability in various industries with just little modification to suit the industry's nature of businesses. Thus, it is important to scrutinize it suitability to be combined with other measurement method to maximize its usability and benefits.